France and military allies said on Thursday they would leave Mali after almost a decade based there fighting Islamist insurgents around West Africa, moving instead to Niger despite public disenchantment with Paris’ role in the region.
Coups in Mali, Chad and Burkina Faso have weakened France’s alliances in its former colonies, emboldened jihadists who control large swathes of desert and scrubland, and opened the door to greater Russian influence.
Diplomats fear the exit of 2,400 French troops from Mali — the epicenter of violence in the Sahel region and strongholds of both al Qaeda and Islamic State affiliates — could worsen violence, destabilize neighbors and spur migration.
A French-led mission of 14 mainly European nations with 600-900 soldiers in Mali is also winding up.
President Emmanuel Macron said the withdrawal would take four to six months, during which time there would be fewer operations against jihadists.
But he denied France’s mission since 2013, after Islamists captured the fabled city of Timbuktu and imposed hardline sharia law around northern Mali, had been a failure.
The fight would continue from Niger which had agreed to host European forces on the border near Mali and Burkina Faso, Macron told a news conference. “The heart of this military operation will no longer be in Mali but in Niger … and perhaps in a more balanced way across all the countries of the region which want this (help),” he said.
Relations between Paris and Bamako have deteriorated since the ruling military junta went back on an agreement to organize an election in February and proposed holding power until 2025.
It has also deployed Russian private military contractors, angering some European countries.
Mali’s armed forces spokesperson Souleymane Dembele shrugged off France’s announcement, saying European troops had failed.
“I think that there has been no military solution, because terrorism has engulfed the entire territory of Mali,” he said.
That was echoed by some on the streets, where anti-French sentiment has grown in recent times. “They have been here for about 10 years and we don’t see any improvement in the security situation,” said Sidiki Bagayoko, a carpenter in Bamako.
However, senior opposition politician Housseini Guindo said the troops’ departure would lead to a perilous power vacuum.
“You can’t divorce like this,” he said, urging a rethink.
A statement from nations in the European Takuba special forces task force said the political, operational and legal conditions were no longer met for their engagement in Mali.
Mali’s foreign minister, Abdoulaye Diop, said European security partners were still welcome in Mali, but each country would now have to arrange its own bilateral agreement with the government and focus on building up Mali’s armed forces.
“Mali’s sovereignty must be respected and the sovereign choice of Mali to assure its defense and security must also be respected,” Diop told envoys of the Takuba member states, according to a statement on the army website.
After France first intervened to drive back militants advancing on the capital, they have regrouped and are waging an increasingly bloody war across the region.
The insurgents have carried out deadly raids on some of the world’s poorest communities, often killing scores of civilians or troops in one strike. Thousands have died and more than 2 million have fled their homes.
The violence has not produced a parallel state as it did in parts of Syria and Iraq but it has left nations in crisis.
